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圖像來源，BBC Chinese / Lok Lee
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The "forever chemical" PFOS accumulates in honeybee colonies and transfers to their honey. New research shows chronic exposure leads to lower body weight in juvenile bees and disrupts key proteins, potentially threatening global pollination, food security, and human health.
By WWII, scientists had already begun looking at alternative gelling substances for routine use in bacteriology, but concluded that agar was still better as it is both firmer and easier to handle. Today, some specialized microbiology applications use the colloid carrageenan (extracted from red seaweed Chondrus crispus, or “Irish Moss”), a more transparent and less auto-fluorescent alternative to agar (agar emits its own background fluorescence when excited by light). However, for routine bacteriological use, carrageenan is more difficult to dissolve, requires higher concentrations, can degrade at high temperatures, and forms weaker gels, which may result in puncturing its surface during the plating of cells.